主语从句讲与练
凤凰娱乐官网_www.ph158.net王幼平
在英语中，句子按结构可以分为三种：简单句（由一个主谓结构构成），并列句（由并列连词and, or, but, so等连接两个简单句构成）和复合句（由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，其中从句在主句中充当某种成分，如主语，宾语，表语，同位语，定语，状语等。）当从句在主句中充当主语，宾语，表语或同位语的时候，从句相当于名词的作用，因此把这一类从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句必须有引导词才能存在于复合句中，一个从句只能有一个引导词。
名词性从句的引导词按其是否有含义及是否在从句中充当成分可以分为三类：无义无分（引导词没有含义也不在从句中充当任何成分）；有义无分（引导词有含义但是在从句没有充当任何成分）；有义有分（引导词有含义且在从句中充当一个成分）。具体见下表：
| 无义无分 | 有义无分 | 有义有分 |
| that | whether/if/as if/ as though | 连接代词：what/which/who/whom/whose whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever 连接副词：when/where/how/why/ whenever/wherever |
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或者由
形式主语it代替而本身放在句子末尾。例如：
That he got the first place in the contest surprised us.
Whether he got the first place in the contest is still unknown.
Who got the first place in the contest is still unknown.
在含有主语从句的复合句中，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而
把连接词引导的主语从句置于句尾，比如以上三句可以换成：
It surprised us that he got the first place in the contest.
It is still unknown whether he got the first place in the contest.
It is still unknown who got the first place in the contest.
It 作形式主语，而把that引导的从句置于句尾的常见句型有：
1.It+be+形容词+that从句
It is necessary/important/desirable(可取的)/natural that sb. (should) do sth.
It is surprising/strange that……
It is possible/likely/probable that……
It is obvious/certain/true that……
2.It+be+名词词组+that从句
It is no wonder that…… 难怪……
It is no surprise that…… ……,这不足为奇。
It is a fact/an honor/common sense(常识) that……
3.It+不及物动词或短语+that……
It seems/appears that…… 似乎……
It happened that…… 碰巧……
It makes no difference that…… ……没有区别。
4. It+be+过去分词+that从句
It is said/believed/thought/reported/announced/hoped that……
It has been proved that……
注意：whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等也可以引导主语从句.
Whatever excuses he makes will not be believed.（whatever=any...that）
他编造的任何理由都不会被相信。
Whichever you like is yours.(whichever=the one that)
你喜欢的那一个就是你的。
Whoever told you that was lying.(whoever=anyone who)
告诉你那件事情的任何人都是在撒谎。
Whomever/whoever you like can be accepted.(whomever=anyone whom)
你喜欢的任何人都可以被接受。
凤凰娱乐主语从句，要注意以下几点：
一、连接词的选用。要分析主语从句是否缺少成分，缺少什么成分。例如：
1. _______________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【答案】 B
【解析】 本题考查主语从句。从句中及物动词offer缺少宾语，此处what相当于the thing that/which。所以选C项。
2. ________________ (他是否出过国) doesn’t make much difference.（abroad）
【答案】Whether he has been abroad
【解析】 本题考查主语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分，引导词表示“是否”的含义，引导主语从句只能用whether, 不能用if.
二、主语从句要用陈述句语序。例如：
________________________(她将什么时候回来) is still unknown.(come)
【答案】When she will come back
【解析】本题考查主语从句。不要误用成疑问句语序When will she come back.
三、主谓一致问题。单个从句作主语时，主句谓语动词一般用单数。例如：
Which class will win the match_________ clear.
A. is B. are C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查主语从句中的主谓一致。单个从句作主语被视作单数，主句谓语动词用单数。然而，what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词的单复数要看其后面的名词。如：
What I need is money.
What I need are books.
当主语是两个并列的从句时要视作复数，主句谓语动词也要相应地用复数。
What he says and what he does don’t agree. 他言行不一致。
【巩固练习】
1.__________________________________ hasn’t been decided yet.(pick)
谁将去接他还没有确定。
2.__________________________________ remains unknown.(finish)
我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道
3._____________________________________ is none of my business.(like)
你不喜欢他与我无关。
4._________________________________________ is being discussed.(abroad)
他将何时出国正在讨论之中。
5.____________________________ in learning English is enough practice.(matter)
英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。
6.It worried her a bit ______________________________________________.(turn)
她的头发正在变白让她有些担忧。
7.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, what our astronauts desire to do ______________________________. (walk)
杨利伟成功地环绕地球后，我们的宇航员所想做的是在太空漫步。
8. ________________________________________ should be punished.(break)
任何违法的人都应该被惩罚。
9.______________________________ we can learn four foreign languages at the same time.(seem)
我们能同时学四门外语似乎不可能。
10._______________________________ was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to the key universities.
让这所学校感到自豪的是超过90%的学生被重点大学录取了。
【答案】
1.Who will pick him up
2.Whether we can finish the work on time
3.That you don’t like him
4.When he will go abroad
5.What matters most
6.that her hair was turning grey
7.walk in space
8.Whoever/Anyone who breaks the law
9.It seems impossible that
10. What made the school proud
本文发表于《高中生学习》
