Book3 Unit 3-4 词汇梳理
大冶市第一中学 江丹
scene 令你难忘那“情景”
scene
n. (戏剧)一场；现场; 场面；景色
The scene of this play is set in Ireland. 这出戏的场景是在爱尔兰。
Our reporter was the first person on the scene. 我们的记者是最先到达出事地点的。
The scene in the hospital was very moving. 在医院的那一场面非常感人。
【巧辨】
scene, scenery, view, sight
这四个名词都有“风景”之意。
scene: a view of a place as you see it, or as it appears in a picture 指眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分
scenery: the natural features of a particular part of a country, such as mountains, forests, deserts etc 指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色
view: the whole area, especially a beautiful place, that you can see from somewhere 指从远处或高处看的风景
sight: something you can see, especially something unusual, beautiful etc既可指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景
例：
The night scene in Honolulu was quite fantastic. 檀香山的夜景绝佳。
The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is wonderful.坐船游览长江三峡的时候，两岸的风景美不胜收。
The view from the top of the hill is wonderful. 从山丘顶上眺望，风景真美。
You can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains. 你可以欣赏那连绵不断地云海的非凡景象。
scream 让你为之“尖叫”
scream
vi./ n. 尖叫（声）
Her friend covered her mouth to stop her from screaming. 她的朋友捂上她的嘴，不让她发出尖叫。
Kids were screaming with excitement. 孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。
【巧辨】
scream, cry, shout, roar,
这四个动词都有“喊叫”之意。
scream: to make a loud high noise with your voice because you are hurt, frightened, excited etc 指因疼痛、恐具、兴奋等而“尖叫”
cry: to shout something loudly because you are frightened, sad, surprised etc指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而“大叫”
shout: to say something very loudly because you are giving a warning or an order or calling attention 指提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等而“大声喊叫”
roar: to say or shout something in a deep, powerful voice指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮
例：
Shots rang out, and people started screaming. 突然响起枪声，人们尖声大叫起来。
A girl cried for help at midnight. 一个女孩在深夜大声呼救。
A girl cried for help at midnight. 一个女孩在深夜大声呼救。
Don’t shout at me. I can hear you. 别向我大喊大叫的。我听得见你的话。
The sergeant roared at his men. 中士对他的士兵大吼。
fault 问你是谁之“过错”
fault
n. 过错；故障
Whose fault is it that we are late? 我们迟到是谁的过失？
There is a fault in the machine. 这台机器有毛病了。
【巧辨】
fault, mistake, error
这三个名词都有“错误”之意。
fault: if something bad that has happened is someone’s fault, he should be blamed for it. 指由于个人责任造成的错误
mistake: something that has been done incorrectly or something that is said or written incorrectly 指错误的行为或指在言语或文字中的错误
error: a mistake that is not well directed and causes serious problems 指没有正确指引而出现的重大过失（比mistake正式）
例：
I’m really sorry— it’s all my fault. 真对不起—都是我的错。
Tom didn't make a single spelling mistake in his composition. 汤姆在这篇作文里一个字也没拼错。
The accident was caused by human error. 这次事故是人为过错造成的。
break out 告诉你不要让火灾“爆发”
break out
vt. (战争、火灾等)突然爆发
Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
【巧辨】
break out, happen, take place, occur, come about
这五个动词短语都有“发生”之意。
break out: if something unpleasant such as a fire, war, or disease breaks out, it starts to happen （不愉快之事）爆发，突然发生
happen: to mean that something happens without being planned first 偶然发生
take place: to mean that something happens with being planned first 按计划发生，举行
occur: to happen; to mean that an idea or thought suddenly comes into your mind 发生(=happen); (主意或想法突然)闪现于脑海中
come about: to happen, especially in a way that seems impossible to control 发生；产生（尤指不受控制地）
例：
Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings? 万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类会发生什么事情？
The accident happened early on Tuesday morning. 这起事故发生在星期二清晨。
The meeting took place two days ago. (=The meeting was held two days ago.) 这个会议两天前举行的。
It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. 他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。
How did it come about that humans speak so many different languages? 人类怎么会说这么多种语言，这种情况是如何产生的呢？
by accident 让你“偶然”遇见“她”
by accident
prep. (= by chance) 偶然；无意中；不小心(反义词为：on purpose)
He met Tom by accident. 他偶然遇到汤姆。
Did you do it by accident or on purpose? 你是偶然还是故意做的？
【拓展】
在英语中，还有很多短语可表达“偶然遇见某人”，如：
happen to meet sb.
meet sb. by chance/accident
meet with sb.
come across sb.
run into sb.
例：
He happened to meet an old friend at the meeting.
= He met an old friend at the meeting by chance/accident.
= He met with an old friend at the meeting.
他在会议上碰到了一位老朋友。
同步练习：
1. It was ______________________(如此感人的场景) that I burst into tears. (scene)
2. They were about to leave when they ______________________ (听到报警器尖叫起来) behind them. (scream)
3. ___________________ (那不是我的过错) that the vase is broken. (fault)
4. The big fire, __________________ (突然发生) in a pub last night, has caused many injuries and deaths. (break)
5. _____________________ (是偶然) not on purpose that I found he made a living by selling newspapers. (accident)
答案：
1. so moving a scene / such a moving scene
2. heard an alarm screaming
3. It is not my fault
4. which broke out
5. It was by accident
本文发表于《高中生学习》
