虚拟语气讲与练
湖北省凤凰娱乐官网_www.ph158.net 王幼平 刘珊
虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设或者不大可能实现的愿望。还可以用来表示建议、命令、要求、希望或者惊奇的语气。
一． 表示与事实相反的假设
1. if引导的非真实虚拟条件句
| 假设 | 从句谓语动词形式 | 主句谓语动词形式 | 例句 |
| 与现在事实相反的假设 | 过去式（be动词一律用were） | would/could/should/might + V. | If I were President Hu, I would change the educational system. |
| 与过去事实相反的假设 | had done | would/could/should/might +have done | If we hadn’t had a holiday last Saturday, we would have seen the film 2012. |
| 与将来事实相反的假设 | ① 过去式 ② were to +V. ③ should +V. | would/could/should/might + V. | If the world came to an end/were to come to an end/should come to an end tomorrow, what would you do? |
【高考链接】（2010陕西卷15）If we ___ the other road ,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
【答案与解析】选B. 由主句谓语动词might have arrived可知，此句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句用had taken.
(2010天津卷15) —John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
【答案与解析】选D. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
（2010湖南卷29）If he _______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
【答案与解析】选C. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
2. 含蓄虚拟条件句：用without(没有), but for（要不是有）, otherwise/or（否则）等短语表示的，相当于if引导的非真实虚拟条件句。
Without H1N1 flu, our life would be happier.(=If there were no H1N1 flu,...)
But for the heavy rain this morning, I wouldn’t have been late for class.(=If it hadn’t been for the heavy rain this morning, ...)
More and more students had a fever last week, or/otherwise we wouldn’t have had a long holiday.(=If more and more students hadn’t had a fever last week, we wouldn’t have had a long holiday.)
【高考链接】（2009福建卷35）But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
【答案与解析】选B. 此处But for…, 相当于If my English teacher hadn’t helped me.
【高考链接】（2010安徽卷26）Bob would have helped us yesterday ,but he_____. .
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy
【答案与解析】选A. 此处并列连词but后的简单句是真实语气，因为是yesterday, 所以用was busy, 它相当于if引导的与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，即if he hadn’t been busy.
3. 混合虚拟条件句（也称错综时间条件句）：主从句假设的时间不同。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.(从句是与过去事实相反的假设，主句是与现在事实相反的假设。)
注意：当if引导的非真实虚拟条件句中含有助动词had, were, should时，可以省略if并将助动词提到主语前面。
Were I President Hu, I would change the educational system.
Had we not had a holiday last week, we would have seen the film 2012.
Were the world to come to an end tomorrow, what would you do?
Should the world come to an end tomorrow, what would you do?
4. as if/as though引导的从句表示的内容不属实时，常用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成式；与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would+V.
Our English teacher treats us as if she were our mother.
He talked as if he had seen the savage(野人).
I felt so dizzy(头昏眼花的) as if an earthquake would happen.
若从句表示的内容为事实或可能为事实，常用陈述语气。
The fish tastes as if it has gone bad.
5. would rather...意为“宁愿”，后接从句表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成式。
I’d rather (that) you hadn’t told me the truth yesterday.
二． 表示不大可能实现的愿望
I wish/If only...后接从句表示“要是......就好了”，是不大可能实现的愿望，通常用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成式；表示与将来事实相反，用would/could+V.
I wish/If only I were a millionaire.
I wish/If only I had seen the film 2012.
I wish/If only I could travel all around the world.
三． 表示建议、命令、要求、希望、惊奇的语气
1.表示建议的语气
1)suggest, advise, propose, recommend等表示建议的动词后接宾语从句时，谓语动词用(should)+V.
I suggest we (should) see the film on Saturday.
这些动词的名词形式后接表语从句，同位语从句时，谓语动词也用(should)+V.
My suggestion is that we (should) see the film on Saturday.
I made a suggestion that we (should) see the film on Saturday.
【高考链接】（2010福建卷29）Teachers recommend parents _________ their children under 12to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
【答案与解析】选A. 因主句谓语动词为recommend, 故宾语从句谓语动词应为should not allow, 其中should可以省略。
2)would rather 后接从句表示对现在或将来的建议时，谓语动词用过去式。
I’d rather (that) we had only 3 classes every afternoon.
I’d rather (that) we saw the film tonight.
【高考链接】（2010江苏卷34） George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
【答案与解析】选B. 此处表示对将来动作的建议，注意谓语动词用过去式，不要误选C.
3)It’s (high) time (that)...意为“是该做什么事情的时候了”，后接从句谓语动词用过去式，有时也可以用should+V., 此时should不可以省略。
It’s time (that) our school held/should hold the sports meeting.
4) 在主语从句It’s important/necessary/natural/desirable（令人想要的） that...中，谓语动词用(should)+V.
It’s desirable that we should have more free time.
2.表示命令的语气
Our head teacher ordered/commanded that we (should) leave the doors and windows open.
3.表示要求的语气
动词require(要求), request（请求）, demand（强烈要求）, insist（坚决要求）后接从句时，谓语动词用(should)+V.
We demand (that) we have less homework every day.
【高考链接】（2010湖北卷76）Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________(讨论)at the meeting.(discuss)
【答案与解析】（should）be discussed. 根据句意，此处insist含义为“坚决要求”，因此谓语动词用(should)+V.
注意：insist若表示“坚持认为”，从句则用实际的时态。如:
He insisted that he was not guilty. 他坚持认为自己无罪。
4.表示希望的语气
动词prefer，desire后接从句时，意为“希望...”，谓语动词用(should)+V.
Our teachers prefer/desire (that) we (should) go to good universities.
6. 表示惊奇的语气, should意为“竟然，居然”。若动作发生在现在，用should + V.; 若动作发生在过去，常用should+ have done.
It’s strange/surprising that she should be so happy today.
It’s strange/surprising that she should have left without saying goodbye.
【实战演练】
1. You are late. If you ________________ (来了)a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.(come)
2. We _______________________________(可能失败) if you hadn’t given us a hand.(fail)
3. If _________________(没有) subjunctive mood, English would be much easier. (there)
4. This printer is of good quality. If it ____________________(万一坏了) within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (break)
5. But for the help of my Chinese teacher, I ____________________(就不会获得) the first prize in the composition competition. (win)
6. Thank you for all the hard work last week. I don’t think we _________________________（能够应付好）it without you. (manage)
7. I supported him in time, or he __________________________(就会摔下来) off the bike.(fall)
8. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you ____________________________(就不会这么累) now. (tired)
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________________________(断了). (break)
10. She looks so frightened as if she _____________________(看见了)a ghost. (see)
11. H1N1 flu is spreading so fast as if it ___________________________(不会离开) （go）
12. I regret having said such words to you. I’d rather _________________________________(没有说) that. (say)
13. I’d rather ___________________________ (我们去野炊) next weekend. (picnic)
14. I’d rather _________________________(我们学习)in a more relaxed way. (study)
15. If only ______________________(我们注射了) H1N1 flu vaccine yesterday. (inject)
16. If only ___________________________(我们能看电影)once a week. (see)
17. If only H1N1 flu ____________________________(消失) tomorrow.(disappear)
18. I wish ______________________(我知道) everything in the world.(know)
19. The doctor recommended that you ________________________(你不应该游泳)after eating a large meal.(swim)
20. His proposal is __________________________________(我们应该多阅读)。（reading）
21. It’s high time that _________________________________(我们做出决定)。（decision）
22. It’s important that _________________________________(我们不放弃)any subject.(give)
23. After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _______________________（它着陆）as scheduled the next day. (land)
24. Our parents desire that __________________________________(我们努力学习)。(study)
25. It’s strange that he ________________________________(竟然获得了)the first prize.(win)
【答案与解析】
1. had come 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
2. might have failed 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示“可能”，情态动词用might.
3. there were no 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
4. should break down/were to break down/broke down 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
5. wouldn’t have won 含蓄虚拟条件句。But for the help of my Chinese teacher=If my Chinese teacher hadn’t helped me.
6. could have managed 含蓄虚拟条件句。=We couldn’t have managed it if you hadn’t worked hard to help us.
7. would have fallen 含蓄虚拟条件句。Or=if I hadn’t supported him in time
8. wouldn’t be so tired 混合虚拟条件句。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
9. were broken 从句与现在事实相反。In fact it is not broken.
10. had seen 从句与过去事实相反。In fact he didn’t see a ghost.
11. would not go away 从句与将来事实相反。 In fact it will go away some day.
12. not have said/I hadn’t said 从句与过去事实相反，因此可用I hadn’t said. 另外，would rather后面可以直接用动词原形表示宁愿做某事，否定式在动词原形前用not. 当would rather后接完成式时，可以表示 “宁愿过去做了某事”，而实际上没有做。
13. we went for a picnic 表示对将来的建议用过去式。
14. we studied 表示对现在的建议用过去式。
15. we had been injected with 与过去事实相反。In fact, we were not injected with the vaccine yesterday.
16. we could see 与现在事实相反。In fact, we can’t see a film once a week.
17. would disappear 与将来事实相反。In fact it will not disappear tomorrow.
18. I knew 与现在事实相反。In fact I don’t know everything in the world.
19. (should) not swim 表示建议的语气
20. that we (should) do more reading 表示建议的语气
21. we made a decision/we should make a decision It’s time表示建议的语气，从句谓语动词可用两种形式。
22. we (should) not give up It’s important/necessary/desirable/natural that sb. (should) do sth. 表示建议的语气
23. it (should) land 表示命令的语气
24. we (should) work hard 动词desire, prefer表示希望的语气
25. should have won 表示惊奇的语气。Win这个动作发生在过去，因此用should+have done.
本文发表于（高中生学习）
